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1.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 616-620, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982106

ABSTRACT

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated acquired hemorrhagic autoimmune disease. At present, the first-line therapeutic drugs for ITP include glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins. However, about 1/3 of the patients had no response to the first-line treatment, or relapsed after dose reduction or withdrawal of glucocorticoids. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of the understanding on the pathogenesis of ITP, the drugs targeting different pathogenesis continually emerge, including immunomodulators, demethylating agents, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist. However, most of these drugs are in clinical trials. This review summarized briefly the recent advances in the treatment of glucocorticoids resistance and relapsed ITP, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatments.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Thrombocytopenia , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
2.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 593-597, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982101

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2-induced immune thrombocytopenia (SARS-CoV-2-induced ITP) is an autoimmune disease secondary to virus infections. Its diagnosis is often based on exclusion of other possible causes of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients. Common laboratory examinations include coagulation function, thrombopoietin and drug-dependent antibodies. Since both bleeding and thrombosis risks are seen in SARS-CoV-2-induced ITP patients, individual remedy is essential for the treatment of this disease. Because thrombopoietin receptor agonist(TPO-RA) has the side effect of accelerating thrombosis and may aggravate the pulmonary embolism symptoms of patients, it should be used for refractory SARS-CoV-2-induced ITP patients only. This review briefly summarizes the recent research progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced ITP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/complications , Thrombocytopenia , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Thrombopoietin/therapeutic use , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
3.
Chinese Journal of Hematology ; (12): 413-417, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984638

ABSTRACT

Objective: To observe the efficacy and adverse reactions of a combination therapy regimen based on bortezomib and glucocorticoids in recurrent/refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) . Methods: Six patients with recurrent/refractory TTP were included and treated with a glucocorticoid and two courses of bortezomib-based regimen. The clinical remission status of patients, changes in ADAMTS13 activity/ADAMTS13 inhibitor, and the occurrence of treatment-related adverse reactions were observed. Results: Of the 6 patients, 2 were males and 4 were females, with a median age of 21.5 (18-68) years. Refractory TTP was found in 1 case and recurrent TTP in 5 cases. Glucocorticoids were administered with reference to prednisone at 1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), and gradually reduced in dosage after achieving clinical remission. Bortezomib is subcutaneously administered at 1.3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 with a 28-day treatment course consisting of 2 courses. Six patients achieved clinical remission after receiving bortezomib as the main treatment. ADMATS13 activity returned to normal in all patients with TTP after treatment, and the ADAMTS13 inhibitor turned negative. Thrombocytopenia is the most common adverse reaction after treatment, with other adverse reactions, including peripheral neuritis and abdominal pain, but ultimately all patients returned to normal. In a median follow-up of 26 (9-41) months, 5 patients maintained sustained remission, and 1 patient relapsed after 16 months of bortezomib treatment. Conclusion: Combination therapy of bortezomib and glucocorticoids has a satisfactory therapeutic effect and controllable adverse reactions for recurrent/refractory iTTP.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Bortezomib/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/drug therapy , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , ADAMTS13 Protein/therapeutic use
4.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 832-835, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-939696

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) combined with glucocorticoid in treatment of newly diagnosed adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).@*METHODS@#Eleven male and 23 female patients with the diagnosis of primary ITP in our hospital from November 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled and randomly divided into test group (17 cases) and control group (17 cases), the median age was 52 years old (range: 20-76 years old). The patients in test group were treated with rhTPO 300 IU/(kg·d) combined with glucocorticoid , while the patients in control group were treated with rhTPO (15 000 IU/d) combined with glucocorticoid. Platelet count, platelet increase, as well as the overall response rate were compared. At the same time, the drug tolerance and any adverse drug reactions were observed.@*RESULTS@#The platelet counts and platelet increase of the patients in the test group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in platelet counts and platelet increase between the patients in the test group and control group at day 3, 7 after treatment. There was no significant difference in overall response rates and complete response rates at day 7, 14 between the two groups either. In test group, there were 13 cases received platelet transfusion, while 12 cases in control group. The muscle aches occurred in one patient, and mild aminotransferase increased in another patient in test group which was self-recovery without treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#RhTPO 300 U/(kg·d) combined with glucocorticoid could rapidly increase the platelet count with a low incidence of tolerable adverse events compared with conventional dose rhTPO with glucocorticoid.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Platelet Count , Platelet Transfusion , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Thrombopoietin/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. invest. clín ; 73(1): 31-38, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289742

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Secondary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogeneous and unpredictable disease associated with various underlying conditions. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate clinical evolution and chronicity predictors in secondary ITP. Methods: Patients treated at an academic medical center during 2008-2019 were stratified by age as children <16 years and adults >16 years. Responses to steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG), rituximab, and eltrombopag were classified as response (R) and complete response (CR). Risk factors for chronic ITP were determined by multiple regression with uni- and multi-variate analysis. Results: Eighty-three patients were included, 37 children and 46 adults. The most frequent associated conditions were infections 53%, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 24%, thyroid disease 9.6%, and Evans syndrome 3.6%. Response to first-line treatment in the whole cohort was 94%; CR 45.7%; and R 50.6%. Initial response to steroids alone was 91.3% (n = 21/23), rituximab plus high-dose dexamethasone (HDD) 93.3% (n = 14/15); children receiving IVIG alone 100% (n=12/12); and eltrombopag in adults 100% (n = 3/3). Relapse was documented in 19.4% of children and 34% of adults, at a median time of 15 and 2 months, respectively; 30.4% of adults (15.2% from the miscellaneous group, 10.9% SLE-associated, and 4.3% infection-associated) and 18.9% of children followed a chronic course; age ≥10 years and platelets ≥20 × 109/L were risk factors for chronic ITP in children. Conclusion: Evolution was heterogeneous: a better and more sustained response was documented in the infections group compared to SLE or the miscellaneous group. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2021;73(1):31-8)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Referral and Consultation , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hematology
6.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 1911-1916, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922223

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of calcitriol combined with sirolimus in the treatment of chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 146 adult cITP patients reated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2017 to March 2020 were randomly divided into observation group (73 cases) and control group (73 cases) according to random number table. The control group was treated with oral sirolimus capsule, the observation group was treated with oral calcitriol capsule combined with sirolimus capsule, and the curative effect of the 2 groups was evaluated after continuous treatment for 6 weeks. The changes of World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding grade, laboratory related index, including peripheral blood regulatory T cell (Treg), serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate of the observation group was 79.5% (58/73), which was significantly higher than 64.4% (47/73) of the control group (P<0.05). The revised WHO bleeding grades after treatment were significantly better than those before treatment in the 2 groups (P<0.05), but the observation group was improved more significantly than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, platelet count (PLT), peripheral blood Treg cell ratio, and serum 1,25(OH)@*CONCLUSION@#The overall efficacy of calcitriol combined with sirolimus in the treatment of cITP in adults is satisfactory, which can effectively alleviate patient's condition, improve the quality of life, further increase the platelet level and decrease the expression of VDR in peripheral blood lymphocyte, the mechanism may be related to increasing the level of serum 1,25(OH)


Subject(s)
Humans , Calcitriol , Platelet Count , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Quality of Life , Sirolimus
7.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 983-987, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880179

ABSTRACT

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a blood system disease mediated by autoimmune mechanism. Currently, the goal of treatment for primary ITP is to keep patients' peripheral platelet count at a safe level to prevent severe bleeding. Recently, avatrombopag and fostamatinib have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of primary ITP in adults, while new drugs such as rozanolixizumab, efgartigimod, PRTX-100, decitabine and atorvastatin have shown efficacy in early clinical trials. This review summarizes the current accepted therapies for the clinical treatment of primary ITP in adults, and briefly discuss the progress of new therapies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Hemorrhage , Platelet Count , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Splenectomy
8.
s.l; RedARETS; [2020].
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1095225

ABSTRACT

TECNOLOGÍA EVALUADA: Eltrombopag. DESCRIPCION DE LA INTERVENCIÓN: Eltrombopag (Revolade, GlaxoSmithKline) aumenta la producción de plaquetas activando el receptor de trombopoyetina, estimulando así la producción de plaquetas y reduciendo el sangrado. Eltrombopag tiene una autorización de comercialización de ANMAT para tratamiento de 'púrpura trombocitopénica inmune crónica (idiopática) (PTI) en pacientes de 1 año o más que son refractarios a otros tratamientos (p. ej. corticosteroides, inmunoglobulinas y esplenectomía). BUSQUEDA BIBLIOGRÁFICA: Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE (desde 1950 hasta marzo de 2011), EMBASE (desde 1974 hasta marzo de 2019), y en el Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library 2011, Número 3), para identificar todos los metaanálisis y ensayos con asignación aleatoria sobre la PTI crónica. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron seis ensayos con 808 pacientes. Cinco estudios compararon los agonistas de receptores de TPO con placebo (romiplostim: 100, eltrombopag: 299, placebo: 175); un estudio comparó los agonistas de receptores de TPO con la atención estándar (AE) (romiplostim: 157; AE: 77). La AE incluyó una variedad de tratamientos, como glucocorticoide, inmunoglobulina anti-D, inmunoglobulina intravenosa, rituximab, azatioprina, etcétera. La supervivencia general, una de nuestras medidas de resultado primarias, no fue estudiada por estos ECAs y no fue posible calcular el número necesario a tratar (NNT). Otra medida de resultado primaria, la mejoría en los eventos de hemorragia significativa, no reveló ninguna diferencia significativa entre el grupo de agonistas de receptores de TPO y el grupo de control (placebo o AE) (versus cociente de riesgos [CR] del placebo 0,48, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 0,20 a 1,15; versus CR de la AE 0,49, IC del 95%: 0,15 a 1,63). En cuanto a las medidas de resultado secundarias, los agonistas de receptores de TPO mejoraron de forma estadísticamente significativa la respuesta plaquetaria general (versus CR del placebo 4,06, IC del 95%: 2,93 a 5,63; versus CR de la AE 1,81, IC del 95%: 1,37 a 2,37), la respuesta completa (versus CR del placebo 9,29; IC del 95%: 2,32 a 37,15) y la respuesta duradera (versus CR del placebo 14,16; IC del 95%: 2,91 a 69,01). Hubo una reducción significativa en los eventos de hemorragia general (grado 1 a 4 de la OMS) en comparación con el placebo (CR 0,78; IC del 95%: 0,68 a 0,89), pero no en comparación con la AE (CR 0,97; IC del 95%: 0,75 a 1,26). EXPLICACIONES: Funded by drug company. There is evidence that industry-sponsored trials may overestimatethetreatmenteffect(Bhandari 2004). Los intervalos de confianza son amplios e incluyen no efecto. Estudio que evaluó intervención con Romiplostin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Receptors, Thrombopoietin/therapeutic use , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Cost-Benefit Analysis
9.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 2039-2045, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880012

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of Sheng-Xue-Xiao-Ban Capsule (SXXBC) and indirubin to the peripheral platelets of the Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) model mouse.@*METHODS@#The ITP mouse model was established by the method of passive immunization. SXXBC and indirubin were used for intervention treatment. Then the hemorrhagic phenomena of ITP mice were observed and the numbers of peripheral platelets, hemoglobin and white blood cells, bone marrow megakaryocytes and their classification and coagulation function were detected and compared.@*RESULTS@#The improvement rate of hemorrhage in SXXBC group was 40% for small dose, 60% for medium dose and 80% for high dose, while the improvement rate of hemorrhage in indirubin group was 30% for small dose, 50% for medium dose and 60% for high dose. There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement rate of hemorrhage between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the model control group, PLT and Hb increased in different doses of SXXBC and indirubin group 4th-8th day after drug intervention (P<0.05, 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the different doses of SXXBC group and indirubin group (P>0.05). Compared with the model control group, the WBC in each group was significantly lower (P<0.05, 0.01) on the 4th-8th day after drug intervention; However, there was no statistical significance between the two groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P>0.05). Compared with the model control group, the total number of megakaryocytes in each treatment group were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), in which the number of primary megakaryocytes in the large and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin were decreased (P<0.05, 0.01), and the number of juvenile megakaryocytes in the large dose group of SXXBC and indirubin were also decreased (P<0.05). The number of granular megakaryocytes were decreased in each intervention groups (P<0.05, 0.01), and the number of thromocytogenic megakaryocyte was increased in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P<0.01). The time of prothrombin was shortened in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P<0.05), and the fibrinogen (FIB) content in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC was close to that of the normal control group.@*CONCLUSION@#Both of the SXXBC and the indirubin standard all show good hemostatic effects. Indirubin shows a positive effect on increasing the peripheral platelet and hemoglobin in ITP model mice, regulating the immune response, reducing the total number of bone marrow megakaryocytes, increasing the thromocytogenic megakaryocyte, and increasing coagulation function.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blood Platelets , Capsules , Indoles , Megakaryocytes , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
10.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(1): 80-83, feb. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899880

ABSTRACT

El Púrpura Trombocitopénico Idiopático (PTI) es una patología asociada a una de cada 500 a 1000 gestantes. Su reconocimiento oportuno y adecuado manejo durante el embarazo, permite reducir la morbimortalidad tanto materna como fetal. Los corticoides como tratamiento de primera línea para PTI en embarazadas, es igual que en población general, con respuestas observadas entre el 5° y 7° día, alcanzando un 50 - 60% de éxito. El caso que presentamos se trata de una gestante en el 2° trimestre tardío con PTI refractario al tratamiento con corticoides, con muy bajos niveles de plaquetas y alto riesgo de hemorragia, por lo cual se decide el uso de Rituximab, un anticuerpo monoclonal (categoría C de la FDA) con escasa prescripción en el embarazo. Exponemos nuestra experiencia en este caso.


Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ( ITP) is a condition associated with each 500-1000 pregnancies . Its early recognition and proper management during pregnancy, can reduce both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Corticosteroids as first-line treatment for ITP in pregnant women is the same as in the general population, with responses observed between the 5th and 7th day, approximately 50-60 % of patients respond favorably. The case presented is a pregnant patient in the 2th trimester with refractory ITP treatment with corticosteroids, very low levels of platelets and high risk of bleeding so the use of Rituximab is decided, a monoclonal antibody (category C FDA) with little prescription in pregnancy. We describe our experience in this case.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/drug therapy , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Rituximab/therapeutic use
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(2): e5637, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839249

ABSTRACT

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Abnormal effector T cell activation is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of ITP. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have a strong immunosuppressive function for T cell activation and their importance in the pathophysiology and clinical treatment of ITP has been confirmed. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are other immunosuppressive cells, which can also suppress T cell activation by secreting arginase, iNOS and ROS, and are essential for Treg cells’ differentiation and maturation. Therefore, we speculate that MDSCs might also be involved in the immune-dysregulation mechanism of ITP. In this study, we tested MDSCs and Treg cells in peripheral blood samples of twenty-five ITP patients and ten healthy donors. We found that MDSCs and Treg cells decreased simultaneously in active ITP patients. Relapsed ITP patients showed lower MDSCs levels compared with new patients. All patients received immunosuppressive treatment including dexamethasone alone or in combination with intravenous immune globulin. We found that MDSCs’ level after treatment correlated with platelet recovery. Our study is the first that focused on MDSCs’ role in ITP. Based on our results, we concluded that circulating MDSCs could predict disease activity and treatment response in ITP patients. This preliminary conclusion indicates a substantial significance of MDSCs in the pathophysiology and clinical treatment of ITP, which deserves further investigation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Lymphocyte Activation , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/physiopathology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
13.
Lima; s.n; set. 2016.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-847803

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: El presente dictamen presenta la evaluación de tecnología de la eficacia y seguridad del uso de agentes trombopoyéticos (romiplostim y eltrombopag) en el tratamiento de púrpura \r\ntrombocitopénica idiopática. Aspectos Generales: La trombocitopenia inmune primaria o púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI) es una condición autoinmune usualmente benigna caracterizada por el aumento de la destrucción plaquetaria y la sub-optima producción plaquetaria. Tecnología Sanitaria de Interés: Romiplostim y Eltrombopag: Romiplostim es una proteína sintética agonista del receptor de trombopoyetina. Al actuar como un imitador de la trombopoyetina, romiplostim estimula la diferenciación y proliferación de células de la médula ósea, las cuales son responsables de la producción de plaquetas. De esta manera, éste fármaco aumenta la producción plaquetaria y por lo tanto los recuentos de plaquetas. Eltrombopag es una molécula pequeña no-peptídica que activa el receptor de trombopoyetina al unirse a su dominio transmembrana. Dado su mecanismo de acción, eltrombopag, a diferencia de romiplostim, no compite con las trombopoyetinas circulantes por los sitios de unión. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Búsqueda: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura con respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de romiplostim y eltrombopag en el tratamiento de púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática en las bases de datos de PubMed, TRIPDATABASE y www.clinicaltrials.gov. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda de evaluaciones de tecnologías y guías de práctica clínica en las páginas web de grupos dedicados a la investigación y educación en salud en general como The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the American Society of Hematology (ASH), Sociedad Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia (SEHH) y la Sociedad Española de Hematología y Oncología Pediátrica (SEHOP). RESULTADOS: Sinopsis de la Evidencia: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de evidencia científica relacionada al uso de romiplostim y eltrombopag en el tratamiento de pacientes con PTI. En la presente sinopsis se describe la evidencia disponible según el tipo de publicación, siguiendo lo indicado en los criterios de elegibilidad (GPC, ETS, RS, MA y ECA fase III). Guías de práctica clínica: Se incluyeron recomendaciones de dos GPC, una de la American Society of Haematology del 2011, y una de los expertos españoles de la SEHH y la SEHOP del 2012. Ambas responden directamente a la pregunta de interés del presente dictamen. Evaluaciones de tecnología sanitaria: Se incluyeron dos ETS del National Institude for Health and Care Excellence. Estas ETS responden directamente a la pregunta de investigación del presente dictamen. Ensayos clínicos: Se incluyeron dos ECA donde se evaluó el uso de romiplostim y eltrompobag, de manera independiente, en el tratamiento de adultos con PTI crónica. CONCLUSIONES: Las GPC concuerdan en sus recomendaciones sobre el uso de agentes trombopoyéticos (romiplostim y eltrombopag) en el tratamiento de PTI crónica en pacientes que han mostrado refractariedad a los tratamiento de primera línea y en quienes la esplenectomía no ha funcionado o está contraindicada. Las ETS recomiendan tanto el uso de romiplostim como el de eltrombopag en pacientes adultos con PTI crónica en quienes la esplenectomía no ha surgido efecto o en quienes ésta está contraindicada, y que son refractarios a las terapias de primera línea. Sin embargo, ésta recomendación esta circunscrita a un descuento en el costo del tratamiento por parte de la empresa comercializadora. Los ECA muestran la eficacia y seguridad del el uso de romiplostim y eltrombopag, por separado, en el tratamiento de PTI crónica en pacientes refractarios a terapias de primera y segunda línea. Se observa un efecto positivo de ambos medicamentos sobre el conteo plaquetario, y un perfil de seguridad aceptable. En ausencia de una comparación head-to-head, no es posible concluir con certeza sobre la eficacia de eltrombopag vs romiplostim. Sin embargo, una apreciación cualitativa de los ECA que evalúan a dichos fármacos por separado sugiere que estos muestran similar beneficio y perfil de seguridad, lo cual concuerda con la opinión de expertos. Frente a un beneficio similar por parte de ambos fármacos, los costos de los mismos toman relevancia en la toma de decisión de su empleo en un sistema de prestación de servicios de salud como EsSalud. Así, el tratamiento mensual con romiplostim tiene un costo aproximado de S/.12, 000, mientras que el costo del tratamiento mensual con eltrombopag puede variar entre S1.4,404.9 - 8,809.8, dependiendo de la dosis. Con lo que se establece que el costo de eltrombopag es menor al de romiplostim para lograr un mismo beneficio por paciente en cuanto a conteo plaquetario. El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, aprueba el uso de eltrombopag para el manejo de púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática como tercera línea, según lo establecido en el Anexo 1. La vigencia del presente dictamen preliminar es de dos años.


Subject(s)
Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Treatment Outcome
14.
Lima; s.n; feb. 2016.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-847845

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: El presente informe expone la evaluación de Eltrombopag en pacientes con diagnóstico de púrpura trombocitopénica inmune primaria que han fracasado a la primera línea de tratamiento. Aspectos Generales: La púrpura trombocitopénica inmune primaria o púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI) es una condición autoinmune usualmente benigna y de curso autolimitado caracterizada por el aumento de la destrucción plaquetaria y la sub-optima producción plaquetaria. Está definida como la presencia de plaquetas disminuidas, médula ósea normal y ausencia de otras causas de trombocitopenia. Tecnología Sanitaria de Interés: Eltrombopag: Eltrombopag (ETP), Revolade o Promacta (GlaxoSmithKline Inc), es un agente hematopoyético que actúa como agonista no peptídico del receptor de la trombopoyetina. Interacciona con el dominio transmembrana e induce a la proliferación y diferenciación de los megacariocitos produciendo, a consecuencia de ello, un incremento en el recuento plaquetario. Este medicamento se indica para el tratamiento de PTI. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura con respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de ETP para el tratamiento de pacientes con PTI con fracaso a tratamiento de primera línea en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, DARE y TRIPDATABASE. Se hizo una búsqueda adicional en www.clinicaltrials.gov, para poder identificar ensayos clínicos aún en elaboración o que no hayan sido publicados. Adicionalmente, se hizo una búsqueda dentro de la información generada por las principales instituciones internacionales hematológicas y agencias de tecnologías sanitarias que realizan revisiones sistemáticas (RS), evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias (ETS) y guías de práctica clínica (GPC). RESULTADOS: Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica y de evidencia científica que sustente el uso ETP para el tratamiento de pacientes con PTI con fracaso a tratamiento de primera línea según la pregunta PICO establecida. Para el presente documento se seleccionó el siguiente cuerpo de evidencia que es resumido a continuación: Guías Clínicas: Se identificaron dos GPC (una de Estados Unidos, una de España). Evaluaciones de tecnología sanitaria: Dos ETS (Reino Unido y Canadá). Revisiones sistemáticas: \r\nNo se identificaron RS de ECAs específicamente para ETP que responder nuestra pregunta PICO. Sin embargo se seleccionó una RS indirecta de ECAs que compara ETP con otro agonista del receptor de la trombopoyetina (romiplostim). Ensayos clínicos: Se identificador tres ECAs. Ensayos Clínicos registrados: \r\nSe encontró un ECA registrados uno contando con resultados preliminares. CONCLUSIONES: La púrpura trombocitopénica inmune primaria o púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI) es una condición autoinmune usualmente benigna y de curso auto-limitado caracterizada por el aumento de la destrucción plaquetaria y la sub-optima producción plaquetaria. Eltrombopag una droga que actúa como agonista no peptídico del receptor de la trombopoyetina por lo que se le considera de la familia de los agonistas de receptores de la trombopoyetina. Interacciona con el dominio transmembrana e induce a la proliferación y diferenciación de los megacariocitos produciendo un incremento en el recuento plaquetario. Las guías de práctica clínica recomiendan eltrombopag en indicaciones seleccionadas incluido el tratamiento después de un fracaso terapéutico de primera línea. Sin embargo no especifican una recomendación por sobre otra de las alternativas de tratamiento. En general, las recomendaciones sitúan a eltrombopag como una alternativa de tratamiento de segunda línea en pacientes con PTI, sin presentar una evidencia comparativa robusta con otras alternativas. Otras opciones de tratamiento generalmente mencionadas son esplenectomía, danazol (el cual se encuentra incluido en el Petitorio Farmacológico de Essalud) y rituximab. Las evaluaciones de tecnologías sanitarias son discordantes con respecto a su recomendación. La ETS que lo recomienda lo hace basado en un estudio de costo-efectividad y preferencias de pacientes con un descuento acordado con el fabricante. Mientras que la otra no la recomienda en ninguna indicación. Los ensayos clínicos que demuestran la seguridad y eficacia de eltrombopag en PTI en comparación al placebo son de buena calidad metodológica aunque con una muestra pequeña para ciertos subgrupos y evidentes conflictos de intereses \r\nde los autores. No existen estudios comparativos de eltrombopag con otros medicamentos o procedimiento para el manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de PTI y falla de tratamiento de primera línea. Así, al momento, la evidencia clínica que apoya el uso de eltrombopag en púrpura trombocitopénica inmune primaria que ha fracasado a la primera línea de tratamiento es limitada, lo que se traduce en recomendaciones no consistentes en las guías de práctica clínica y evaluaciones de tecnología existentes. El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación- 'ETS' no autoriza el uso de eltrombopag en pacientes con púrpura trombocitopénica inmune primaria que ha fracasado a la primera línea de tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Thrombopoietin/agonists , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Thrombopoietin , Thrombopoietin/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
15.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 75(5): 319-323, Oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841521

ABSTRACT

El rituximab (RTX), un anticuerpo quimérico anti-CD20 que induce la depleción de linfocitos B, es utilizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades linfoproliferativas y autoinmunes. La inmunodeficiencia humoral relacionada al tratamiento con RTX comenzó a ser un motivo de derivación a nuestro Servicio, por lo que decidimos analizar a los pacientes con el antecedente de haber sido tratados con RTX que consultaron por hipogammaglobulinemia o infecciones recurrentes desde noviembre de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2014. Evaluamos a ocho pacientes, siete mujeres y un varón. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 19.3 ± 18.8 meses, rango 1 a 54, con una mediana de 13. Tres tenían proteinogramas normales previo a la administración de RTX, tres hipogammaglobulinemia, y de dos no hay datos. A ninguno se le realizó una determinación cuantitativa de inmunoglobulinas previa al tratamiento. Cuatro recibieron RTX por linfoma B no Hodgkin, dos por leucemia linfocítica crónica, uno por púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune y otro por poliangeítis microscópica. A seis se les diagnosticó hipogammaglobulinemia y a uno deficiencia de IgM, IgA e IgG2. Cinco presentaron infecciones, cuatro con buena respuesta al tratamiento de reemplazo con gammaglobulina. La inmunodeficiencia humoral relacionada a RTX es una causa de consulta cada vez más frecuente. Resulta fundamental disponer de los niveles de inmunoglobulinas previo al inicio de su administración para poder establecer una relación etiológica y durante el seguimiento, para disminuir el retraso diagnóstico. El tratamiento con gammaglobulina en dosis sustitutivas parece ser de utilidad en pacientes con infecciones graves o recurrentes.


Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, induces the depletion of B lymphocytes. It is used for the treatment of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases. Antibody immunodeficiency associated to RTX treatment is a new motif for consultation to our service. We decided to study those patients that having been treated with RTX, consulted for hypogammaglobulinemia or recurrent infections between November 2010 and December 2014. We evaluated eight patients, seven female and one male. The average follow up time was 19.3 ± 18.8 months, range 1 to 54, median 13. Three had a normal electrophoretic proteinogram before receiving RTX, three had hypogammaglobulinemia and in two data was not available. None of them had a quantitative determination of immunoglobulins before receiving RTX. Four received RTX as a treatment of non Hodking lymphoma, two as a treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, one for immune thrombocytopenic purpura and other for microscopic polyangiitis. Six were diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinemia and one with combined IgM, IgA and IgG2 deficiency. Five presented infections, four of them with good response to intravenous immunoglobulin. RTX related antibody deficiency consultations are increasing. It is important to determine the immunoglobulin levels previously to RTX use in order to establish an etiologic relationship with RTX and a quick diagnosis of antibody deficiency. The substitutive treatment with gammaglobulin seems to be useful in patients with severe or recurrent infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Agammaglobulinemia/drug therapy , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Fatal Outcome , Microscopic Polyangiitis/drug therapy
16.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 28(4): 404-415, oct.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-663864

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, aplicado y analítico para determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con altas dosis de dexametasona en pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune primaria crónica atendidos en la consulta de hemostasia del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología en el período comprendido entre abril de 2008 y abril de 2011. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes, 18 del sexo femenino y 12 del masculino, con una edad promedio de 37 años. Se alcanzó una respuesta favorable en 17 pacientes (68,0 por ciento), de ellos, en 14 la remisión fue completa y en 3 parcial. No se obtuvo respuesta en 8 pacientes. Se observó un aumento significativo del recuento plaquetario entre el inicio y el final del tratamiento. Las remisiones se obtuvieron tempranamente, entre el primero y el tercer ciclo, y no se observaron respuestas tardías. La mayoría de los enfermos que respondieron a tratamientos previos con prednisona tuvieron una respuesta favorable a la dexametasona. Por lo general, los efectos adversos fueron leves y los más frecuentes fueron: mialgias, edemas y artralgias. En 3 pacientes fue necesario interrumpir el tratamiento por efectos indeseables y 9 mantuvieron la remisión durante el período de seguimiento. La dexametasona en altas dosis constituye una alternativa eficaz y segura en pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune primaria crónica


A prospective, analytical and applied study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of treatment with high-dose dexamethasone in patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia, who were assisted at the Hemostasis service of the Institute of Hematology and Immunology from April 2008 to April 2011. 30 patients, 18 females and 12 males with an average age of 37 years were studied. Favorable response was achieved in 17 patients (68.0 percent), out of them, 14 had complete and 3 had partial remission respectively. No response was obtained in eight patients. A significant increase in platelet count was observed during the whole therapy. Referrals are obtained early, from the first to the third cycle, and late responses were not observed. Most patients who responded to previous treatment with prednisone had a favorable response to dexamethasone. In general, adverse events were mild and the most frequent were myalgia, edema, and arthralgias. Three patients required stopping the treatment because of side effects and nine maintained remission during the follow-up period. High-dose dexamethasone is an effective and safe alternative treatment in patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies
17.
Invest. clín ; 53(1): 16-27, mar. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664562

ABSTRACT

En estudios aleatorios placebo controlados o comparativos cuyos resultados son de tipo binario, el efecto de un determinado tratamiento puede ser reportado usando la reducción absoluta del riesgo (RAR) y el número necesario a tratar (NNT), el cual es el inverso de la RAR (1/RAR=NNT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión de diferentes tipos de tratamiento en Trombocitopenia Inmune Primaria (PTI), calculando como medidas de efecto la RAR y el NNT con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC 95%). El número necesario para dañar (NNH, del inglés Harm) se calcula de la misma forma que el NNT y señala el nivel de seguridad del medicamento, solo que en este caso se toma en cuenta los eventos adversos (escala CTCAE) del tratamiento en relación con el grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que el NNT en estudios aleatorios controlados fue mejor que en estudios de inferior diseño, Los resultados del NNH señalaron un nivel de seguridad aceptable para la mayoría de los tratamientos. Se pudo observar que la edad (menor a 40 años) y la condición no esplenectomizados influyen en algunas ocasiones en el reporte de NNT favorable. Se concluye que dadas las ventajas de la RAR y el NNT el cual engloba tanto la significación estadística como la clínica, deberían ser reportadas conjuntamente con otras medidas de efecto en cualquier trabajo observacional sobre tratamiento de PTI con resultados binarios o dicotómicos, porque orientan sustancialmente hacia la toma de decisiones clínicas apropiadas.


In randomized or comparative studies, when the outcomes are binary or dichotomous, the effect of a specific treatment can be reported using the absolute risk reduction (ARR) and the number needed to treat (NNT), which is the reciprocal of the ARR (1/ARR=NNT). The objective of the present study was to realize a review of the different modalities of treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), using as effect measurement the calculation of the ARR and NNT and their confidence intervals (CI95%). The number needed to harm (NNH) can be calculated with the same formula of NNT, taking in account only the adverse events (CTCAE scale) of the treatment in relation with those in the control group. The results showed the effect of different types of treatment of ITP. The NNT was better in randomized studies than those of inferior design. The NNH calculation showed the safe level of the intervention. It can be observed that age (youth) and no splenectomy condition exhibited some influence in the favorable NNT report. In conclusion, given the advantages of the ARR and the NNT for clinical decision making, it can be suggested that these measurements of effect should also be reported, in addition to other statistical measurements for ITP treatment or any observational study with dichotomous or binary outcomes.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Numbers Needed To Treat , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Confidence Intervals , Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Numbers Needed To Treat/statistics & numerical data , Research Design , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data
19.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(4)out.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-577590

ABSTRACT

As doenças hemorrágicas abrangem diversas condições clínicas, sendo caracterizadas por hemorragias de gravidade variável em diferentes locais do corpo. Podem ser de causa hereditária ou adquirida, relacionadas a doenças hematológicas ou a outras condições sistêmicas. Para o diagnóstico e tratamento adequados dessas doenças éfundamental a realização de anamnese detalhada e de testes laboratoriais, que podem ser complexos. Neste artigo serão abordadas as principais condições hemorrágicas, classificadas em doenças vasculares/doenças plaquetárias, coagulopatias e doenças hemorrágicas secundárias a doenças sistêmicas e uso de anticoagulantes.


The bleeding disorders include several clinical conditions, being characterized by bleeding of varying severity in different body sites. They can be either inherited or acquired disease - related to hematological diseases or other systemic conditions. For the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, it is essential to conduct a detailed clinical history and laboratory tests, which may be complex. This article deals with the major hemorrhagic conditions, classified as vascular diseases/platelet diseases, coagulopathy and bleeding disorders secondary to systemic diseases and use of anticoagulants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hemorrhagic Disorders/diagnosis , Medical History Taking , Vitamin K Deficiency , Diagnosis, Differential , von Willebrand Diseases/diagnosis , Hepatic Insufficiency , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/diagnosis
20.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 131-137, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-71788

ABSTRACT

Infection of the central nervous system with Nocardia sp. usually manifests as supratentorial abscesses. Supratentorial and cerebellar abscesses from infection with Nocardia sp. following immunosuppression with long-term corticosteroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) have not been reported. An 83 years-old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, polymorbid male with ITP for which he required corticosteroids since age 53 years developed tiredness, dyspnoea, hemoptysis, abdominal pain, and progressive gait disturbance. Imaging studies of the lung revealed an enhancing tumour in the right upper lobe with central and peripheral necrosis, multiple irregularly contoured hyperdensities over both lungs, and right-sided pleural effusions. Sputum culture grew Nocardia sp. Neurological diagnostic work-up revealed dysarthria, dysphagia, ptosis, hypoacusis, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, proximal weakness of the lower limbs, diffuse wasting, and stocking-type sensory disturbances. The neurological deficits were attributed to an abscess in the upper cerebellar vermis, myopathy from corticosteroids, and polyneuropathy. Meropenem for 37 days and trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole for 3 months resulted in a reduction of the pulmonary, but not the cerebral lesions. Therefore, sultamicillin was begun, but without success. Long-term therapy with corticosteroids for ITP may induce not only steroid myopathy but also immune-incompetence with the development of pulmonary and cerebral nocardiosis. Cerebral nocardiosis may not sufficiently respond to long-term antibiotic therapy why switching to alternative antibiotics or surgery may be necessary.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Cerebellar Diseases/chemically induced , Immunosuppression Therapy , Muscular Diseases/chemically induced , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
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